The aim of this research was to examine attitudes about gender roles in marriage (GRA) and striving for achievement (SFA) as antecedents within a model of work-family conflict on a sample of employed spouses in Croatia. Job (assessments of psychological requirements and social support at work) and family characteristics (quality of family functioning and social support in the family) were examined as mediators of the relationship between SFA and GRA with work-to-family (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), along with studying the model invariance regarding spouse gender. The study was conducted on a total of 358 employed spouses in Croatia who have at least one child in the household, using the research method of self-assessments. The results show support for complete mediation of higher levels of favourable work and family assessments in the relationship of more egalitarian GRA and lower SFA of spouses with lower levels of WFC and FWC. Organizations should be aware of and support the differences in the strivings and attitudes of their employees as well as the diversity of their life roles.